Book construction



' April 7, 1942. w. A. DE HART BOOK CONSTRUCTION Filed July 15, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l lNvzNToR MLU/7M f, /q/Pr ATTORNEYS WITNESS 75%@ Patented pr. 7, 19.42

Book CoNs'rRUo'rIoN William A. De Hart, Teaneck; N. J., assignorto Kamket Corporation, poration of New York NewYork, N.` v Y.; a cor- Appncanon July 15, 1940, serial No. 345,457

2 Claims.

This invention relates to book constructions, particularly those of the blank book type in which a plurality of sheets of paper are loosely bound together as, for example, in memorandum books, vadvertising pamphlets, printed books, note books of the type commonly used by stenographers, etc.

A great deal of attention has of late years been paid to books consisting of a number of paper sheets perforated along one edge thereof and then bound together loosely bya suitable binder and such books have now come into general use for all kinds of purposes. As hereto-fore made, such books have nothing in common, so far as appearance is concerned, with books of the ordinary type in which the sheets are permanently bound together in one cover. This is especially true of those books in which the sheets are bound together by means of a plurality of ring members arranged in spaced relation and in parallelism with each other or by means of a helical wire. In the case of books bound with ring members, the sheets of the books are forced to conform with the radii of the binding rings with the result that the center sheets are pushed out so that when the book is closed there is not presented a ush edge or a shallow concave .edge

i before they arebound into book form and illustrating the arrangement of the sheets just after the binding holes havebeen formed therein; Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a book after the sheets thereof have been straightened and a spiral bind` ing wire threaded through the series of binding holes to bind the sheets together; Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed View in sectionshowing the manas in ordinary books but a prominent convex edge which usually has a ragged appearance due to the fact that the holes in the sheets are generally larger than the binding rings which extend therethrough. This convex edge is not only unsightly but makes it diilicult to ilip over the pages of the book to find a particular page,. the end pages in particular tendingto turn as a group when the book is thumbed. The same disadvantage is also present in those loose-leaf books in which a helical wire is used as a binder with the added disadvantage that the side edges of the book are also oiTset at an angle because the sheets have to conform to the pitch of the coils of the helical. These objectionable features of the ring or helical bound books would, of course, not be tolerated in the ordinary or stitched type of book but because it has so far been impossible to produce such books having ush edges and ends, the public has acceptedv these objectionable deformities because of theother advantages existing in the ring or helical bound book.

It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a ring or Wire bound book construction in which the ab'ove disadvantages formerly inherent in such constructions will be avoided and in which each of the sheets in thev book is so ner in which the sheets of the book are held in proper arrangement during the formation of the binding holes; Fig. 4 isa sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the top Vportion of a finished book illustrating the arrangement of the binding wire and holes through which such Wire is threaded; Fig. 6 is a partial end view of the top of the book illustrated in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 3 illustrating another arrangement in which the book of sheets may be held during the formation of the binding holes; Fig. 8 is a top plan view of a portion of the upper end of a book of sheets after drilling the binding holes in accordance with the operation illustrated in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 isa broken side elevation of a finished book made in accordance with the methodv shown in Fig. 7 and illustrating the arrangement of the sheets when the spiral binder is inserted in place;

Fig. 10 is a top planview of a portion Aof the' upper end of a book of sheets having holes drilled in a slightly different manner from that illustrated in Figs. 5 and 8; Fig. 11 is a side velevation of the portion of the book illustrated in Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a View similar to Fig. 10 showing the binder in place and Fig. 13 is a side elevational view of the portion of the book shown in Fig. 12.

In the drawings, the numeral I designates a stack of sheets of similar size, contained between two outer sheets 2V`which may be made of heavier paper than the sheets I which constitute the book. The sheets 2 may be of substantially the same size as the sheets l, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, so that they :form coversy for the latter and maybe integrally joined together as is common with note books, blank books, etc. in which the cover is made from a single piece of sheet material of sufficient size to form top and bottom cover portions for the book of sheets and an intermediate portion for covering the bound edges of the sheets. Along one side of the book is a row of closely related or correspondingly spaced perforations or holes 3 through which the helically shaped binding wire 4 is threaded to bind the sheets together, as illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. 'Ihe closely related holes 3 are relatively sma in diameter being from .0185 of an inchtoz67 of an inch in diameter when` using a spiral binder.V whose convolutions are rcloselyrelatedand areV of minimum size in order to minimize the bulki- 2,279,193 j, n A

ness of the book and to avoid other objectionable I features, the spaces between such holes being approximately equal to the diameter of the holes;v The holes 3 of each sheet are arranged in a row which is disposed in substantial parallelism with the adjacent or binding edge of the sheet. The rows of perforations in the sheets are variably spaced from the binding edges ofthe sheets so that a line extending through the centers of a setof successive perforations in the superimposed sheets will be bent from `the straight. Thus in the' book illustrated in Figs. 1` and 2, the row of perforations in each successivel sheet, starting from the top sheet, is positioned a distance slightly farther from the bindingedge of the sheet than the `overlying sheet until the center of` the book is reached. rThe successive rows of perforations of the underlying sheets from the center of the book are graduated so that the distance of each successive row from the binding edge thereof is less than that of the overlying sheet. This arrangement of the rows of perforations is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, the rows of perforationsl being preferably graduated so that a set of successive perforations will denne a curved area whose arc of curvature is practically the same as the arc'of' curvature of the portion of the helical binder which extends through such set in the closed condition of the book. By thus arranging the rows of pe'rforations in this manner,the`bind ing and opposite or front edges of the sheets will all be contained in planes vertical to the top or cover sheets 2 even though bound by a helical or ring shaped binder. f A

The rows of holes 3 in the book illustrated in Figs.v 1 to 6 are not only variably spaced from the binding edges of the sheets but are also arranged so that successive perforations in the sheets areY variably spaced from Aa side edge `of the book. This is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 6 which shows the sets of successive perforations of all the rows graduated vso that each set of successive perforations, startingy from the top set, inclining towards the left hand side edge of the book,` as viewed in such gure. The incline in this case is similar to the degree of offset or pitch of the portion of the helical wire which extends through a set of successive perforations in the closed condition of the book. Thus the perforations 3 are arranged in the sheets so that successive perforations in the sheets are curved and offset to the same extent as the portions of the helical wire which extend therethrough. The side edgesof all the sheets constituting the book therefore will be four-square and contained in planes vertical to-the top sheet of the book and will be maintained in such condition bythe helically shaped binder.

binder 4 with which the holes, considered as sets, conform both in curvature and in degree of offset.

In manufacturing the above described book the unperforated sheets are preferably first arranged so that the side edges thereof are obliquely disposed at the same angle to which the coils of the spiral binder which will bind the sheets t0- gether are offset and the top and bottom edges of the 'sheets are curved to approximately the same degree as the curvature of the coils of such The book of sheets is then held in p0- sition by any suitable means and the rows of holes .then .provided along those edges of the sheets whichv are to constitute the binding edge of the book. In carrying out the operations I may utilize a paperr'cutting machine such as is illustrated and described in my copending application Serial No. 259,593, led March 3, 1939, and sunlcient of which-is shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings for the purposes of describing those operations. Referring now .to Figs. 3 and 4in which the parts bear reference characters similar to those borne by like parts in my aforementioned copending application, the sheets which have been inclined at the proper degree along their side edges and given the proper curvature at the binding edge, as by the guide block |61 are held in `position by means of a clamping rail |66 mounted on a table section 90 and a clamping shoe 2|3 providedon the clamping plate 209 when the drill head `is moving down towards the book for the drilling operation In the downward movement of the drill head the lbinding edge of the book becomes clamped between an upper and lower set of guide bushingesnumbered 208 and 206, respectively, to produceV lan annular pressure around each of Vthe areas to be entered by the drills 2D8, sufcient to consolidate all the sheets of the book in such regions into an almost solid form. The consolidation of the sheets of the booky togetheris of such degree that there is a tendency ofthe sheets to stick together due to the` welding of the bers of the sheets together so ,that during the drilling operation there is f' provided iri'the region to be drilled by each drill a cylindrically shaped substantially solid body through which the point of the drill will perforatev exactly aligned with the axis of the associat-ed top and bottom bushings and extending fromgthe top to the` bottom sheets inclusively. At the end of the drilling operation and after the drills 208 have been withdrawn from the sheets, the latter are rearranged into the book form which they will finally assume with all the sheets squarely aligned and when thus rearranged the holes will assume the forms'shown in Figs. 5 and 6` of ,thedrawings y Thevertical configuration of the holes does not necessarily have to be in the shape of an arcifor a successful carryingl out of the invention but may, be somewhat V-shaped, as is illustrated in Fig.j9 of the drawings. This formation of the sheetsV maybe accomplished as is illustrated in Fig; '7 ofthe drawings by providing the rear guide |61* with a V-shaped guide notch instead of an A Y manner illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings.` The` side .edges 'of the sheets however should be :inclined in the manner previously describedifthe binder is to be of the helical type in order to takecare of the offset ofthe coils thereof. After the drilling operation and when the sheets have been again straightened out into proper book form the straight line of the drill will be broken so that the drilled holes 3 form a V-shaped notch whose apex extends in a direction opposite to that of the notch in the guide plate |61 (see Fig. 9) or towards the bottom edge or edge which is positioned oppositely the binding edge of the book. In this case the diameter of the series of holes 3" should preferably be suiiiciently larger than the diameter of the helical binder 4 so that the sheets I and covers 2 will be maintained in the manner heretofore described.

When the binding member is made from a single piece of wire so that the ring members 5 thereof are parallelly arranged in pairs with the ring members of each pair in spaced relation and each pair of members connected in spaced relation by longitudinally extending portions 6 of the binding wire, as is illustrated in Fig. 12 of the drawings, the book of sheets need not be ciset obliquely as in the case of the'books illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 9 of the drawings, but need only be either arcuately arranged as is illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings or angularly arranged as is illustrated in Fig. 7 of the drawings, due to the fact that the binding rings 5 are arranged in parallelism to each other and not offset or having a definite pitch as was the case of the spiral spring illustrated in Figs. 2 and 9 of the drawings. Thus when drilled the sheets of a book for a binder of this type will have their binding edges arranged convexly so that after the drilling operation the rows of perforaticns will be variablyspaced from the binding edges of the sheets in a graduated manner while the side edges of the sheets will be maintained in the same vertical planes so that the successive perforating of the sheets in each set will be equidistant from a side edge of the book. This is illustrated clearly in Figs. to 13 of the drawings which show the binding edges 8 of the sheets arranged in a convex manner while the side edges of the sheets are flush with one another so that the holes or perforations 1 will have an arcuate formation when the book is arranged in book form. This arrangement of the holes will of course be also the same when the binding rings are spaced and separate but in parallel arrangement, as in ordinary ring binders.

Having thus described my invention in detail with reference to its preferred form, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that varif I claim:

1. A book comprising a plurality of sheets having their binding edges and side edges substantially contained in planes vertical to a plane containing the topmost sheet in the closed condition of the book and having correspondingly spaced perforations along their binding edges and a unitary sheet binder having a length substantially equal to the width of the book and having portions thereof extending through successive perforations in said sheets and loosely securing the sheets to enable individual sheets to be shifted as a whole relative to the other sheets in the book, the perforations of each sheet being arranged in a row disposed in substantial parallelism with its binding edge, the rows of perforations in the sheets being variably spaced from the binding edges of the sheets in a graduated manner and the successive perforations in the sheets being variably spaced from a side edge of the book so that a line extending through the centers of a set of successive perforations will be bent from the straight and offset from a vertical plane containing the side edges of the sheet on one side of the book, the portions of said binder intermediate the outermost sheets of the book being bent in a manner substantially similar to said line and offset in substantially the same manner as said line.

2. A book comprising a plurality of sheets having their binding edges and side edges substantially contained in planes vertical to a plane containing the topmost sheet in the closed condition of the book and provided with correspondingly spaced perforations along their binding edges, a unitary substantially helically shaped sheet binder having a length substantially equal to the width of the book and having portions of its coils extending through successive perforations in the sheets and loosely securing the sheets to enable individual sheets to be shifted as a whole relative to the other sheets in the book, the perforations of each sheet being arranged in a row disposed in substantial parallelism with its binding edge, the rows of perforations in the sheets being variably spaced from the binding edges of the sheets in a graduated manner and the successive perforations in the sheets being variably spaced from a side edge of the book so that successive perforations are arranged in a curved manner when viewed in the direction of the central axis of the helical binder and are obliquely disposed when viewed in a direction transverse to said axis, the said arrangement of the apertures being such that the'successive apertures have a form substantially similar to the oiiset curved portions of the helical binder which extend through the sheets of the book in the latters closed condition.

' WTLLIAM A. DE HART. 

